Are the effects of hemodialysis on ocular parameters similar during and after a hemodialysis session?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in several ocular parameters, including choroidal thickness, during and after hemodialysis. METHODS: Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were included. The patients underwent an ophthalmic examination, including intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, iridocorneal angle, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and blood pressure, just before a hemodialysis session, during the second hour of the session, and half an hour after the end of the session. Body weight was measured before and after the session, and ultrafiltration volume was noted after the session. Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: In comparison with baseline levels, mean intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness increased significantly during the second hour of hemodialysis (p=0.001 and p=0.011, respectively) and showed no significant changes after hemodialysis (p=0.844 and p=0.246, respectively). Mean iridocorneal angle did not significantly change during the second hour of hemodialysis (p=0.101) and after hemodialysis (p=0.589). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly lower during the second hour of hemodialysis (p<0.001) and after hemodialysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness increased and subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased during the second half of the hemodialysis session. During the second half of the session, intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness had a trend toward reduction, while subfoveal choroidal thickness had a relatively steady course. Because of possible fluctuations in the values, it would be reasonable to evaluate the changes not only from before to after hemodialysis but also during hemodialysis when analyzing the ocular effects of dialysis.

Are the effects of hemodialysis on ocular parameters similar during and after a hemodialysis session? / Os efeitos da hemodiálise sobre os parâmetros oculares são semelhantes durante e após a sessão de hemodiálise?

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the changes in several ocular parameters, including choroidal thickness, during and after hemodialysis. Methods: Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were included. The patients underwent an ophthalmic examination, including intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, iridocorneal angle, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and blood pressure, just before a hemodialysis session, during the second hour of the session, and half an hour after the end of the session. Body weight was measured before and after the session, and ultrafiltration volume was noted after the session. Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured by optical coherence tomography. Results: In comparison with baseline levels, mean intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness increased significantly during the second hour of hemodialysis (p=0.001 and p=0.011, respectively) and showed no significant changes after hemodialysis (p=0.844 and p=0.246, respectively). Mean iridocorneal angle did not significantly change during the second hour of hemodialysis (p=0.101) and after hemodialysis (p=0.589). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly lower during the second hour of hemodialysis (p<0.001) and after hemodialysis (p<0.001). Conclusions: Mean intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness increased and subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased during the second half of the hemodialysis session. During the second half of the session, intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness had a trend toward reduction, while subfoveal choroidal thickness had a relatively steady course. Because of possible fluctuations in the values, it would be reasonable to evaluate the changes not only from before to after hemodialysis but also during hemodialysis when analyzing the ocular effects of dialysis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações em vários parâmetros oculares, incluindo a espessura da coroide, durante e após a hemodiálise. Métodos: Foram incluídos 27 olhos de 27 pacientes portadores de insuficiência renal crônica e submetidos a hemodiálise. Todos foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico, incluindo pressão intraocular, medida da espessura corneana central, ângulo iridocorneal e espessura da coroide subfoveal, além da medida da pressão arterial. A espessura corneana central, o ângulo iridocorneal e a espessura da coroide subfoveal foram medidos através da tomografia de coerência óptica. Os exames foram realizados logo antes, durante (na segunda hora) e meia hora após uma única sessão de hemodiálise. O peso corporal foi medido antes e depois da sessão, e os volumes de ultra filtração foram anotados após a sessão de hemodiálise. Resultados: Em comparação com os níveis basais, a pressão intraocular média e a espessura corneana central aumentaram significativamente na segunda hora de hemodiálise (p=0,001 e p=0,011, respectivamente), mas não houve diferença após a hemodiálise (p=0,844 para pressão intraocular e p=0,246 para espessura corneana central). O ângulo iridocorneal mostrou ligeira diminuição na segunda hora de hemodiálise (p=0,101) e após a sessão de hemodiálise (p=0,589), porém esta redução não foi estatisticamente significativa. Já a espessura da coroide subfoveal mostrou uma redução significativa tanto na segunda hora de hemodiálise (p<0,001) quanto após a sessão de hemodiálise (p<0,001). Conclusões: A pressão intraocular e a espessura corneana central aumentaram, enquanto a espessura da coroide subfoveal diminuiu na primeira metade da sessão de hemodiálise. Na segunda metade da sessão, a pressão intraocular e a espessura corneana central mostraram uma tendência de redução, enquanto a espessura da coroide subfoveal permaneceu estável. Ao analisar os efeitos oculares da hemodiálise, seria interessante avaliar as mudanças não só antes e depois da sessão, como também durante a hemodiálise, devido a possíveis flutuações dos valores.

Postsurgical Cystoid Macular Edema following Posterior Chamber Toric Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation Surgery: A Case Report.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of cystoid macular edema (CME) developing after posterior chamber toric phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 33-year-old male underwent implantation of toric implantable collamer lenses (ICL), a new generation of PIOLs, for both eyes. Preoperative best spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye, with a manifest refraction of -9.25 -4.0 × 4° and -9.75 -4.25 × 171°, respectively. On day 1 postoperatively, the left eye had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/60 with a refraction of +2.0 -3.5 × 11°. Despite the rotation of the PIOL, the cylindrical refractive component persisted in the left eye with a refraction of +2.0 -3.5 × 11°. Two weeks after the initial surgery, he presented with a decrease in his visual acuity in the left eye. The UDVA and BCVA were both 20/100 in the left eye with a refraction of +2.0 -4.25 × 3°. Dilated fundus examination and macular optical coherence tomography revealed a CME in the left eye. Following topical nepafenac therapy and explantation of the ICL, we observed a complete resolution of the CME at 3 months with an improvement in BCVA to 20/32 in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of postsurgical CME following toric ICL implantation. In cases of phakic eyes with an intact posterior capsule, postsurgical CME can develop, thus highlighting the purpose of this report.